Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What’s the reason women live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we have only partial answers. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each factor contributes.
In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men, but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, شراء متابعين تيكتوك (click through the up coming post) there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1
It is interesting to note that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.
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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two things stand out.
First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small but it has risen significantly over time.
You can verify that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the “Change country” option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.
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